
Focusing on Words Newsletter #3
A newsletter that will enhance your English-vocabulary skills!
Experience the wonder of words by focusing on the
Latin and Greek elements used in English
with your
Senior Scribe a.k.a. John Robertson
Table of Contents
Changing English Words to Make New Ones
Auf Wiedersehen, English
Letters from Readers
Access to Latin-Greek Search Areas
Links to all newsletters
E-mail Form
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Changing English Words to Make New Ones
Someone sent this to me without any additional source references. I thought you might enjoy the play on words. -Scribe
The Washington Post in its Style Invitational asked readers to take any word from the dictionary, alter it by adding, subtracting, or changing one letter, and supply a new definition. Here are some recent winners:
- Tatyr: a lecherous Mr. Potato Head.
- Doltergeist: a spirit that decides to haunt someplace stupid, such as your septic tank.
- Giraffiti: vandalism spray-painted very, very high, such as on an overpass.
- Sarchasm: the gulf between the author of sarcastic wit and the recipient who doesnt get it.
- Contratemps: the resentment permanent workers feel toward the fill-in workers.
- Impotience: eager anticipation by men awaiting their Viagra prescription.
- Reintarnation: coming back to life as a hillbilly.
- Inoculatte: to take coffee intravenously when you are running late.
- Hipatitis: terminal coolness.
- Guillozine: a magazine for executioners.
- Suckotash: a dish consisting of corn, lima beans and tofu.
- Karmageddon: Its like, when everybody is sending off all these really bad vibes, right? And then, like, the Earth explodes and its like a serious bummer.
- Vaseball: a game of catch played by children in the living room.
- Deifenestration: to throw all talk of God out the window.
- Dopeler effect: the tendency of stupid ideas to seem smarter when they come at you rapidly.
- Intaxication: euphoria at getting a refund from the IRS, which lasts until you realize it was your money to start with.
Auf Wiedersehen, English
The title of an article in the November 16, 1998, edition of Time by Ursula Sautter includes two views, by Germans, about the invasion of English into the German language and culture.
Some of the important parts of her article include the following:
- No greater harm can be done to a nation, German philosopher Immanuel Kant wrote two centuries ago, than taking away its national character, the idiosyncrasies of its spirit and its language.
- Many of Kants present-day compatriots agree, and are taking up arms against an ever-increasing number of English words insinuating their way into the mother tongue: they want Kinder instead of kids, Spass instead of fun, Unterhaltung instead of entertainment.
- Among those battling for linguistic purism is the Dortmund-based Society for the Protection of the German Language (or V.W.D.S., the initials for its German name, Verein zur Wahrung der Deutschen Sprache).
- The German tongue is deteriorating into a pidgin dialect which will soon no longer be usable as an independent cultural language, says society president Walter Kraemer, 49, a professor of statistics at the University of Dortmund. We fight against this kind of chimpanzee language.
- Among others, the rise of Denglisch, is opposed by a physics student from Darmstadt. The use of Anglicisms is directly proportional to the intention to obscure the emptiness of what is being said, Bischof says. To support his view, Bischofs private Internet homepage or Heimseite, as he calls it is 100% free of English terminology.
- For Rudolf Hoberg of the Society for the German Language in Wiesbaden, the matter is much simpler. Germans are fascinated by English words simply because they like their international flair, he explains.
- In contrast to such linguistic purists as Kraemer and Bischof, Hoberg, a professor of German literature, welcomes the prevalence of English in the world and of English additions to the German language. For the first time in the history of mankind, there is a lingua franca for the whole world, he says.
- Fortunately, Germany is not likely to institute a state-controlled language policy as in France, where the infamous loi Toubon, which was passed in August, 1994, prohibits the use of foreign elements in public language. Traditionally, says Hoberg, we Germans have always been very liberal where language is concerned.
- Perhaps so, and perhaps altogether too many words both German and English are being wasted on the discussioin about exactly how many Anglicisms the Teutonic tongue can handle.
- Whats in a name? That which the English call a rose, is eine Rose in German; but it smells as sweet either way.
Letters from Readers
John,
I mentioned this earlier but my letter apparently went into hyperorbit.
The phrases involving two and tandem are not pleonasms. Tandem hitching simply requires that the hitching of a team be linear, one behind another.
Any number of individuals can constitute the tandem team.
A replacement pleonasm could be the three-horse troika. A troika is three horses, hitched abreast, to a conveyance.
-Richard
This was in reference to my pleonasm/reduncancy list at the
pleonasm page.
For the history [of discipline and punishment], I found the following on www.m-w.com:
Discipline Etymology: Middle English, from Old French & Latin; Old French, from Latin disciplina teaching, learning, from discipulus pupil.
Punish Etymology: Middle English punisshen, from Middle French puniss-, stem of punir, from Latin punire, from poena penalty --
My interpretation is that discipline is an inflexible teaching.
Punishment can be a tool to achieve discipline, but reward is another
tool. Moreover, crime punishment (for example) can be hardly related
with discipline.
-Giovanni
Hello,
I am very delighted with the newsletter. I agree that the female version of an android would be gynoid or something in that area. I have recently learned the Ancient Greek word for woman : gune,gunaikos. So in English that would transliterate into gyna...
I was wondering how I can get my comments to appear on the newsletter. I truly love the classic languages and anxious to participate.
Si bene valet, valeo.
Michael
Contrasting Discipline and Punishment
Discipline is derived from the Latin word discere which means to learn. Discipline is related to the concept of moral or physical training often involving hard work and hard knocks as we say I went to the school of hard knocks. We learn from the mistakes we make (except for those of us with hard heads!).
Discipline can be imposed by others or we can be self-disciplined. We learn discipline (self-control) through the lessons of life.
Many times, when we behave in an undisciplined matter we can incur a consequence which is like a penalty or punishment.
Penalties for our behavior can be a natural result of our actions or given to us by our authority.
Punishment comes from two Latin words; the Latin verb punire (poenio) which means to punish or penalize and the Latin noun poenia = a penalty/punishment. It is the idea of paying for the wrong that was done. Hence the Latin idiom poenas dare to pay the penalty.
Punishment is related to discipline but not synonymous. As language evolves, related terms are sometimes used interchangeably as are discipline and punishment. However, I believe it is best to clearly distinguish between these two terms as your text book is doing. Looking at the phrases below, which communicates more clearly?
I am being punished. [I am experiencing a penalty] I am being disciplined. [Am I behaving in a disciplined manner or being punished?]
He endured the discipline. [Did he endure rigorous training or a punishment?] He endured the punishment. [He endured a penalty].
For what its worth,
Lori
Dear John Robertson,
I have read the question of opportunity and problem. I think
I can answer the Chinese part of it. In Chinese, these are two
different concepts. The former sounds like jee-hua (a
pronounced as in late) and means chance, the latter is like
wuhn-ti and means question.
I hope this is a clear answer.
Thank you for all you have done.
Wish you happiness!
Yours,
Chen Chen
Just wanted to say thank you for a wonderful and educational site on the WWW. I work with alot of people from other countries who, have asked me to help them learn the english language. This site has been extremely helpful to me. With all of the slang that is used, itis hard to understand, some of which I was not aware of, that I have been using (like whats up a man from ethiopia said to me what is the meaning of this Laura? What do they mean what is up? the sky is up I laughed and explained). Anyway thanks for teaching me as well and others.
Bless you for the effort you put forth!
Laura
Gee, I really like this site. I prepare prison inmates to pass the GED
exam. I really like my work and am planning on presenting a 40-minute
talk with handouts about the value of improving vocabulary. This will
be in March at the Missouri Department of Corrections Education
Conference. I should have two sessions, with about thirty to forty
participants each. The title of my little dittie is:"Dont Be a Brain
Robber, Be a Brain Builder! Catchie-huh? Now, I would like to know if
I may use some of the material from this site and if you have some
references or pearls of wisdom to suggest. I really would appreciate
hearing them.
By the way, in the field of literacy and emerging language skills, the
area of corrections of doing a big job of stressing the importance of
getting a GED. If an inmate wants a job above $7.50 a month, he has to
have a diploma! Sometime in the next two years, an inmate will also
need a GED to get a parole date! So far I have enjoyed my inmate
students. They are so interesting, and surprisingly, they are open to
using dictionaries and improving vocabulary. Thanks for listening.
Sincerely, Nancy
Hi John
Thank you for the welcome; what fun to find your page. As a retired
teacher of Humanities, I applaud the writers efforts to present
accurate information to her class. Im sure she is an excellent teacher. I also admire your effort in trying to focus on Latin and Greek derivitives, and Ill be interested to see if you can pull it off.
Having done no research on either punishment or discipline, I dont have
any answers, but here are a few ideas Ill S.W.A.G. First, punishment
and discipline are Latin derivatives but with radically different
stems. The text is right to make a difference between them. The Latins
and Greeks were clear thinkers and, therefore, meant exactly what they
said. When they used punishment, they meant a condition of causing
pain or suffering; when they used discipline, they meant instruction
and/or education. Punishment and discipline may be used together. That
is, one may cause pain or suffering (emotional, not necessarily
physical), but that is largely ineffective without discipline. Dont
hit your sister with your fist, youll break your knuckles is more
effective than Dont hit your sister with your fist, Ill hit you. ;-)
So, discipline takes punishment one step further; it provides instruction as to the way of the world. Experiments in child psychology appear to provide evidence showing that babies only two or three months old have a sense of how the physical world works. The essence of punishment is unpredicability. The two words probably became synonymous in the vernacular through sloppy thinking.
Good luck with your project.
Best regards, Gayle
Any idea who came up with this ridiculous sesquipedalian monstrosity [floccinaucinihilipilification]? I forgot the definition.
Your newsletter is great by the way,
Ok, is there a precise word for the act of counting sheep other than the inaccurate insomnia? If not, can we offer a neologism, a hybrid word combining sheep and sleep...Ewesomia? But that isnt pc, is it? Ewes it or lose it....(to sheep perchance to dream?)
I checked Nelsons Expository Dictionary of the Old Testament in which the word for flock, sheep, goats is tson or small cattle. Tsonia? Tsonasomia? I dont know, this sounds strange...
What about the counting part of counting sheep. The same Hebraic dictionary defines count as saphar, meaning to number, count, proclaim or declare.
So counting sheep could be combined into Saphartsonia?
But what about the sleep connection? This is rambling, perhaps you could offer a Latin-Greek variant....thanks.
John M.
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